The age of painting was determined from the decay kinetics of the radioactive Carbon -14 present in the painting sample.
Given that the half life of Carbon-14 is 5730 years.
Radioactive decay reactions follow first order rate kinetics.
Calculating the decay constant from half life:
λ
= 
= 
Setting up the radioactive rate equation:
Where 
k = decay constant =
ln 0.125 = 
-2.079=
t=
= 17185 years
t = 17185 years
Therefore age of the painting based in the radiocarbon -14 dating studies is 17185 years
Sorry, Cant really tell how to differentiate the students and trial times
Explanation:
The given compounds are oxyacids and in these compounds more is the electronegativity of the central atom more will be its acidic strength.
This is because more is the electronegativity of the central atom more will be the polarity of OH bond. As a result, the compound can readily lose 
ion.
Also, more is the electronegativity of central atom more will be the stability of conjugate base formed.
Thus, we can conclude that given compounds are arranged in increasing acid strength as follows.
HOI < 
< 
< HOF
Answer:
- <em>The net ionic equation is: </em><u>Ag⁺ (aq) + Cl ⁻ (aq) → AgCl (s)</u>
Explanation:
<u>1) Start by writing the total ionic equation:</u>
The total ionic equation shows each aqueous substance in its ionized form, while the solid or liquid substances are shown with their chemical formula.
These are the ionic species:
- AgF (aq) → Ag⁺ (aq) + F⁻ (aq)
- NH₄Cl (aq) → NH₄⁺ (aq) + Cl ⁻ (aq)
- NH₄F(aq) → NH₄⁺ (aq) + F⁻ (aq)
Then, replace each chemical formula in the chemical equation by those ionic forms:
- Ag⁺ (aq) + F⁻ (aq) + NH₄⁺ (aq) + Cl ⁻ (aq) → AgCl (s) + NH₄⁺ (aq) + F⁻ (aq)
That is the total ionic equation.
<u>2) Spectator ions:</u>
The ions that appear in both the reactant side and the product side are considered spectator ions (they do not change), and so they are canceled.
In our total ionic equation they are F⁻ (aq) and NH₄⁺ (aq).
After canceling them, you get the net ionic equation:
<u>3) Net ionic equation:</u>
- Ag⁺ (aq) + Cl ⁻ (aq) → AgCl (s) ← answer
