-- Class I lever
The fulcrum is between the effort and the load.
The Mechanical Advantage can be anything, more or less than 1 .
Example: a see-saw
-- Class II lever
The load is between the fulcrum and the effort.
The Mechanical Advantage is always greater than 1 .
Example: a nut-cracker, a garlic press
-- Class III lever
The effort is between the fulcrum and the load.
The Mechanical Advantage is always less than 1 .
I can't think of an example right now.
Since the main objective of this experiment is to determine the effect of porosity on seedling growth that should be the only independent variable. In short, that is the only variable that should be different to ensure fair testing.
The answer should be B:
he plants seedlings in soils with different levels of porosity and equal levels of permeability.
Permeability is not what needs to be tested. If it changes, you may not be able to determine whether it was the porosity or permeability that cause changes.
Answer:
time required after impact for a puck is 2.18 seconds
Explanation:
given data
mass = 30 g = 0.03 kg
diameter = 100 mm = 0.1 m
thick = 0.1 mm = 1 ×
m
dynamic viscosity = 1.75 ×
Ns/m²
air temperature = 15°C
to find out
time required after impact for a puck to lose 10%
solution
we know velocity varies here 0 to v
we consider here initial velocity = v
so final velocity = 0.9v
so change in velocity is du = v
and clearance dy = h
and shear stress acting on surface is here express as
= µ 
so
= µ
............1
put here value
= 1.75×
× 
= 0.175 v
and
area between air and puck is given by
Area =
area =
area = 7.85 ×
m²
so
force on puck is express as
Force = × area
force = 0.175 v × 7.85 × 
force = 1.374 ×
v
and now apply newton second law
force = mass × acceleration
- force = 
- 1.374 ×
v = 
t = 
time = 2.18
so time required after impact for a puck is 2.18 seconds
The horizontal component is calculated as:
Vhorizontal = V · cos(angle)
In your case Vhoriontal = 16 · cos(40) = 12.3 m/s
Answer: 12.3 m/s