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2 years ago

What explains the observation that FADH2 oxidation yields one less ATP than NADH oxidation by the Electron Transport System

Chemistry

1 answer:

Allisa [31]2 years ago

8 0

Answer:

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Explanation:

During the Electron Transport System occur in the mitochondrial membrane, oxygen in this reaction is been reduced to water and ATPs are being produced.

The quinone form or the oxidized form of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide(FAD) is the FADH2. While Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is the acronym for NADH. NADH is a good donating substance/agent.

It has been observed that FADH2 produce two(2) ATP while NADH produces three(3) ATP. The reason for this observation is that the production of electron in the FADH2 is at the lower enegy level. Because of this it can not transfer its electron to the first complex .

While;

NADH is at the higher energy level and it can directly transfer its electron to the first complex.

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A voltaic cell is constructed with two silver-silver chloride electrodes, where the half-reaction is AgCl (s) + e− → Ag (s) + Cl

ANTONII [103]

Answer : The cell emf for this cell is 0.118 V

Solution :

The half-cell reaction is:

$AgCl(s)+e^\rightarrow Ag(s)+Cl^-(aq)$

In this case, the cathode and anode both are same. So, $E^o_{cell}$ is equal to zero.

Now we have to calculate the cell emf.

Using Nernest equation :

$E_{cell}=E^o_{cell}-\frac{0.0592}{n}\log \frac{[Cl^{-}{diluted}]}{[Cl^{-}{concentrated}]}$

where,

n = number of electrons in oxidation-reduction reaction = 1

$E_{cell}$ = ?

$[Cl^{-}{diluted}]$ = 0.0222 M

$[Cl^{-}{concentrated}]$ = 2.22 M

Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get:

$E_{cell}=0-\frac{0.0592}{1}\log \frac{0.0222M}{2.22M}$

$E_{cell}=0.118V$

Therefore, the cell emf for this cell is 0.118 V

4 0

2 years ago

Be sure to answer all parts. ethyl butanoate, ch3ch2ch2co2ch2ch3, is one of the many organic compounds isolated from mangoes. wh

GrogVix [38]

Ethyl Butanoate when treated with a base looses a proton which is more acidic in nature. In this case ethyl butanoate acts as a lowery bronsted acid. It donated the more acidic proton to lowery bronsted base.

Among the protons attached to different carbon atoms the hydrogen atoms next to carbonyl functional group (labelled as red in attached picture) are more acidic in nature and are readily donated on treatment with strong base. These hydrogen atoms are also called alpha hydrogen name after their position.

Acidity of Alpha Hydrogens:

The driving force behind the acidity of alpha hydrogens is the formation of enolates. The enolate formed is resonance stabilized. This stability is the main reason for the said acidity. The pKa value of said protons is approximately 20-25. Hence, the enolate formed is infact the conjugate base and can act as neucleophile.

4 0

2 years ago

A precipitate forms when mixing solutions of sodium fluoride (NaF) and lead II nitrate (Pb(NO3)2). Complete and balance the net

Margarita [4]

Answer:

Pb^2+(aq) + 2F-(aq) → PbF2(s)

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

sodium fluoride = NaF

lead(II)nitrate Pb(NO3)2

Step 2: The unbalanced equation

NaF(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → PbF2(s) + NaNO3(aq)

Step 3: Balancing the equation

NaF(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → PbF2(s) + NaNO3(aq)

On the left side we have 2x NO3 (in Pb(NO3)2), on the right side we have 1x NO3 (in NaNO3). To balance the amount of NO3 we hvae to multiply NaNO3 on the right side by 2.

NaF(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → PbF2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)

On the left side we have 1x Na (in NaF), on the right side we have 2x Na (in 2NaNO3). To balance the amount of Na we have to multiply NaF on the left side by 2. Now the equation is balanced.

2NaF(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → PbF2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)

Step 4: Calculate net ionic equation

The net ionic equation, for which spectator ions are omitted - remember that spectator ions are those ions located on both sides of the equation - will , after canceling those spectator ions in both side, look like this:

2Na+(aq) + 2F-(aq) + Pb^2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) → PbF2(s) + 2Na+(aq) + NO3-(aq)

Pb^2+(aq) + 2F-(aq) → PbF2(s)

4 0

2 years ago

What is the molar mass of 56.75 g of gas exerting a pressure of 2.87 atm on the walls of a 5.29 l container at 230 k?

laiz [17]

We first need to find the number of moles of gas in the container
PV = nRT
where;
P - pressure - 2.87 atm x 101 325 Pa/atm = 290 802.75 Pa
V - volume - 5.29 x 10⁻³ m³
n - number of moles
R - universal gas constant - 8.314 Jmol⁻¹K⁻¹
T - temperature - 230 K
substituting these values in the equation
290 802.75 Pa x 5.29 x 10⁻³ m³ = n x 8.314 Jmol⁻¹K⁻¹ x 230 K
n = 0.804 mol
the molar mass = mass present / number of moles
molar mass of gas = 56.75 g / 0.804 mol
therefore molar mass is 70.6 g/mol

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2 years ago

There are many important laws and theories in science. Which of the following is a law of science?

Alenkasestr [34]

Answer: the answer is C

Explanation:

4 0

2 years ago

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