Answer:
A polar molecule is a molecule in which one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end is slightly negative. A diatomic molecule that consists of a polar covalent bond, such as HF, is a polar molecule. The two electrically charged regions on either end of the molecule are called poles, similar to a magnet having a north and a south pole. A molecule with two poles is called a dipole. Hydrogen fluoride is a dipole. A simplified way to depict polar molecules is pictured below When placed between oppositely charged plates, polar molecules orient themselves so that their positive ends are closer to the negative plate and their negative ends are closer to the positive plate
Experimental techniques involving electric fields can be used to determine if a certain substance is composed of polar molecules and to measure the degree of polarity.
For molecules with more than two atoms, the molecular geometry must also be taken into account when determining if the molecule is polar or nonpolar. is a comparison between carbon dioxide and water. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a linear molecule. The oxygen atoms are more electronegative than the carbon atom, so there are two individual dipoles pointing outward from the C atom to each O atom. However, since the dipoles are of equal strength and are oriented in this way, they cancel each other out, and the overall molecular polarity of CO2 is zero.
Water is a bent molecule because of the two lone pairs on the central oxygen atom. The individual dipoles point from the H atoms toward the O atom. Because of the shape, the dipoles do not cancel each other out, and the water molecule is polar. In the figure, the net dipole is shown in blue and points upward.
Some other molecules are shown below (Figure below). Notice that a tetrahedral molecule such as CH4 is nonpolar. However, if one of the peripheral H atoms is replaced by another atom that has a different electronegativity, the molecule becomes polar. A trigonal planar molecule (BF3) may be nonpolar if all three peripheral atoms are the same, but a trigonal pyramidal molecule (NH3) is polar.
Answer:
-) 3-bromoprop-1-ene
-) 2-bromoprop-1-ene
-) 1-bromoprop-1-ene
-) bromocyclopropane
Explanation:
In this question, we can start with the <u>I.D.H</u> (<em>hydrogen deficiency index</em>):

In the formula we have 3 carbons, 5 hydrogens, and 1 Br, so:

We have an I.D.H value of one. This indicates that we can have a cyclic structure or a double bond.
We can start with a linear structure with 3 carbon with a double bond in the first carbon and the Br atom also in the first carbon (<u>1-bromoprop-1-ene</u>). In the second structure, we can move the Br atom to the second carbon (<u>2-bromoprop-1-ene</u>), in the third structure we can move the Br to carbon 3 (<u>3-bromoprop-1-ene</u>). Finally, we can have a cyclic structure with a Br atom (<u>bromocyclopropane</u>).
See figure 1
I hope it helps!
Answer:
a. Ca₃(PO₄)₂.
b. 0.010 moles of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ can we expect to be produced
c. 3.1g of Ca₃(PO₄)₂
d. Percent yield = 93.5%
Explanation:
a. Based on the reaction:
3Ca(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2Na₃PO₄(aq) → Ca₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6NaNO₃(aq)
<em>3 moles of calcium nitrate reacts with 2 moles of sodium phosphate producieng 1 mole of calcium phosphate.</em>
<em />
As you can see, Ca₃(PO₄)₂ is a solid product -(s)-, that means when the reaction occurs the precipitate produced is the solid,
<h3>Ca₃(PO₄)₂</h3><h3 />
b. As 3 moles of calcium nitrate produce 1 mole of calcium phosphate and there are 0.030 moles of calcium nitrate
0.030 moles Ca(NO₃)₂ × (1 mol Ca₃(PO₄)₂ / 3 moles Ca(NO₃)₂) =
<h3>0.010 moles of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ can we expect to be produced</h3><h3 />
c. As molar mass of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ is 310.18g/mol, the mass of 0.010 moles (The expected mass) is;
0.010 moles Ca₃(PO₄)₂ × (310.18g / mol) =
<h3>3.1g of Ca₃(PO₄)₂</h3><h3 />
d. The percent yield is defined as 100 times the ratio between the obtained yield (That is 2.9g of precipitate, Ca₃(PO₄)₂) and the expected yield, 3.1g of Ca₃(PO₄)₂:

<h3>Percent yield = 93.5%</h3>