Answer: Some organisms rely on energy captured from inorganic compounds to drive basic biological processes.
Explanation:
<span>The primary germ layer that gives rise to the mucosae and associated glands is the endoderm.</span>
Answer:
The Caenorhabditis elegans dauer state is a hibernation-like state of diapause that displays a dramatic reduction in spontaneous locomotion.
Explanation:
Mutations affecting the neurotransmitter dopamine, which regulates voluntary movement in many organisms, can stimulate movement in dauers. The movement of quiescent animals is stimulated by conditions that reduce dopamine signaling and also by conditions predicted to increase dopamine signaling.The stimulation of movement by increased dopamine is much more pronounced in quiescent daf-2(−) dauer and dauer-like adult animals.
In C. elegans hermaphrodites, dopamine is produced by eight neurons and signals via at least four dopamine receptors, DOP-1 through DOP-4. In addition, a presynaptic reuptake transporter, DAT-1, removes dopamine from the extracellular space to terminate signaling. In C. elegans, dopamine is best known for mediating the “basal slowing response” in which the animal's movement slows when it encounters food.. Dopamine is thought to be released in response to food and to act on motor neurons to modulate the animal's movement . Animals that cannot produce dopamine fail to slow in response to food and exogenous dopamine slows the movement of animals cultured without food.The response to dopamine in this situation is complex, as the absence of specific dopamine receptors can have either positive or negative effects on movement.
Answer:
C. Initially, the mouse and human proteins were confined to their own halves of the newly formed hybrid cell, but over time, the two sets of proteins became evenly intermixed over the entire cell surface. This suggests that proteins, like lipids, can move freely within the plane of the bilayer.
Explanation:
Due to the fact that a membrane is a two-dimensional fluid, a lot of its proteins, as it is seem in lipids, can flow without obstruction in the plane of the bilayer. This lateral diffusion was at first illustrated by analysing the fusion of a mouse cell to a human cell to produce a big, hybrid cell and then follow up the dispersion of specific mouse and human plasma membrane proteins. In the start up, the mouse and human proteins are restricted to their respective halves of the just produced hybrid cell, but in the space of half an hour or so, the two groups of proteins are noticed to be equally combined over the whole cell surface.
Answer:
99,614,720 cells
Explanation:
Since the population of E. coli doubles every 20 minutes, and one hour has three sets of 20 minutes, then six hours have 18 sets of 20 minutes or 18 generation lapses. In order to calculate the final rate of infection we need to calculate 18 doublings of the initial population of 380 cells, which equals to 99,614,720 cells.
