Neptune has a mass that is about 17 times the mass of Earth. The distance between the Sun and Neptune is about 30.1 times the di
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a) The speed of the student after the jump is 1.07 m/s
b) The final speed of the laser is 10.4 m/s
Explanation:
a)
We can solve this problem by applying the law of conservation of momentum: if there are no external forces acting on the system, the total momentum of the student+Laser system must be constant. Therefore, we can write:
where
The initial momentum is zero
m = 42 kg is the mass of the Laser
v = 1.5 m/s is the final velocity of the Laser
M = 59 kg is the mass of the student
V is the final velocity of the student
Solving the equation for V, we find the velocity of the student:
So, the final speed of the student is 1.07 m/s.
b)
In this case, the laser and the student are travelling at 3.1 m/s before the student jumps off: therefore, the total momentum before the jump is not zero.
So, the equation of the conservation of momentum is
where
m = 42 kg is the mass of the Laser
M = 59 kg is the student's mass
u = 3.1 m/s is the initial velocity of the student and the Laser
V = -2.1 m/s is the velocity of the student after the jump (she jumps backward)
v is the final velocity of the Laser
And solving for v, we find
Learn more about momentum:
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(a) 907.5 N/m
The force applied to the spring is equal to the weight of the object suspended on it, so:
The spring obeys Hook's law:
where k is the spring constant and is the stretching of the spring. Since we know
, we can re-arrange the equation to find the spring constant:
(b) 1.45 cm
In this second case, the force applied to the spring will be different, since the weight of the new object is different:
So, by applying Hook's law again, we can find the new stretching of the spring (using the value of the spring constant that we found in the previous part):
(c) 3.5 J
The amount of work that must be done to stretch the string by a distance is equal to the elastic potential energy stored by the spring, given by:
Substituting k=907.5 N/m and , we find the amount of work that must be done: