The answers to your question are,
A. Flat bottomed boats;
B. Carts driven by animals;
D. Seagoing vessels.
-Mabel <3
The answer is: the iron law of oligarchy
the iron law of oligarchy refers to the theory that all forms of organization would eventually filled with people that eventually taking advantage of their position in the organization in order to take as much benefit as they can, no matter how democratic that organization started off with.
This theory is based on basic human nature that tend to have tendencies to never develop a sense of satisfaction and had overwhelming desire to keep acquiring more in our life. We can see this in Vic's attitude that start to leverage his position to gain favor.
The answer is effort justification. It is an idea as well as paradigm in the social psychology in which people who have reach the goal yet discover that it was not worth it. It is from the cognitive dissonance theory of Leon Festinger.
Answer: Negative Reinforcement
Explanation: Negative reinforcement is an efficient method that can be used to help teach desired behaviors by removing something uncomfortable in response to a stimulus which overtime, that target desired behavior increases with the knowledge that the unpleasant thing will be taken away.
for example when a mother switches off the TV when a son hasn't done his homework, and is watching cartoon, this will increase the chances that the son over time will do his homework before watching TV as he understands his mother would put off the TV if he doesn't .
Also, putting on a sweater when a person feels it is cold would make him or she feel warmer which will lead to an increase in the probability that response will be repeated in the future.
