Question

Match each of the unknown ions to its appropriate description. Match Term Definition a V3− A) A metal that lost three electrons d X− B) A nonmetal that gained one electron c Y+ C) A metal that lost one electron b Z3+ D) A nonmetal that gained three electrons

Answer 1

Answer:

(A) A metal that lost three electrons - (b) Z³⁺

(B) A nonmetal that gained one electron - (d) X⁻  

(C) A metal that lost one electron - (c) Y⁺

(D) A nonmetal that gained three electrons - (a) V³⁻

Explanation:

Oxidation is described as the loss of electrons by a species. Oxidation increases the oxidation number of the species.

Reduction is described as the gain of electrons by a species. Reduction decreases the oxidation number of the species.

The oxidation number of an ionic species is equal to the charge on that ionic species.

Therefore, when a neutral atom gains electrons, its oxidation state is negative, and when it loses electrons, its oxidation state is positive.

(A) A metal that lost three electrons - (b) Z³⁺

When a neutral metal (Z) loses three electrons and gets oxidized, the metal gets oxidized from 0 to +3 oxidation state.

Z → Z³⁺ + 3 e⁻

(B) A nonmetal that gained one electron - (d) X⁻  

When a neutral metal (X) gains one electron and gets reduced, the metal gets reduced from 0 to -1 oxidation state.

X + e⁻ → X⁻

(C) A metal that lost one electron - (c) Y⁺

When a neutral metal (Y) loses one electron and gets oxidized, the metal gets oxidized from 0 to +1 oxidation state.

Y → Y⁺ + e⁻

(D) A nonmetal that gained three electrons - (a) V³⁻

When a neutral metal (V) gains three electrons and gets reduced, the metal gets reduced from 0 to -3 oxidation state.

V + 3 e⁻ → V³⁻