Answer:
110.8 ºC
Explanation:
To solve this problem we will make use of the Clausius-Clayperon equation:
lnP = - ΔHºvap/RT + C
where P is the pressure, ΔHºvap is the enthalpy of vaporization, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, and C is a constant of integration.
Now this equation has a form y = mx + b where
y = lnP
x = 1/T
m = -ΔHºvap/R
Now we have to assume that ΔHºvap remains constant which is a good asumption given the narrow range of temperatures in the data ( 104-125) ºC
Thus what we have to do is find the equation of the best fit for this data using a software as excel or your calculator.
T ( K) 1/T ln P
377 0.002653 5.9915
384 0.002604 6.2115
390 0.002564 6.3969
395 0.002532 6.5511
398 0.002513 6.6333
The best line has a fit:
y = -4609.5 x + 18.218
with R² = 0.9998
Now that we have the equation of the line, we simply will substitute for a pressure of 496 mm in Leadville.
ln(496) = -4609.5(1/Tb) + 18.218
6.2066 = -4609.5(1/Tb) +18.218
⇒ 1/Tb = (18.218 - 6.2066)/4609.5 = 0.00261
Tb = 383.76 K = (383.76 -273)K = 110.8 ºC
Notice we have touse up to 4 decimal places since rounding could lead to an erroneous answer ( i.e boiling temperature greater than 111, an impossibility given the data in the question). This is as a result of the value 496 mmHg so close to 500 mm Hg.
Perhaps that is the reason the question was flagged.
When heat energy is supplied to a material it can raise the temperature of mass of the material.
Specific heat is the amount of energy required by 1 g of material to raise the temperature by 1 °C.
equation is
H = mcΔt
H - heat energy
m - mass of material
c - specific heat of the material
Δt - change in temperature
substituting the values in the equation
120 J = 10 g x c x 5 °C
c = 2.4 Jg⁻¹°C⁻¹
Answer is: <span>Mutations sometimes improve the chances of survival for a plant.
</span>Mutations are very important because they change <span>variability in populations and in that way enable evolutionary change.
</span>There are three types of mutations:
1) good or advantageous mutations - <span> improve the chances of survival for a plant.
2) </span>bad or deleterious - decrease the chances of survival for a plant.
3) neutral - not affect he chances of survival for a plant.
Looking at this equation P= (pa*pb)/ (pa+(pb-pa)) ya where pa=vap press a and ya= vap composition a and P= total pressure,it relates vapor pressure mixture to vapor composition. This is derived using the combination of Dalton's and Raoult's laws.
Answer:
a. electrophilic aromatic substitution
b. nucleophilic aromatic substitution
c. nucleophilic aromatic substitution
d. electrophilic aromatic substitution
e. nucleophilic aromatic substitution
f. electrophilic aromatic substitution
Explanation:
Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a type of chemical reaction where a hydrogen atom or a functional group that is attached to the aromatic ring is replaced by an electrophile. Electrophilic aromatic substitutions can be classified into five classes: 1-Halogenation: is the replacement of one or more hydrogen (H) atoms in an organic compound by a halogen such as, for example, bromine (bromination), chlorine (chlorination), etc; 2- Nitration: the replacement of H with a nitrate group (NO2); 3-Sulfonation: the replacement of H with a bisulfite (SO3H); 4-Friedel-CraftsAlkylation: the replacement of H with an alkyl group (R), and 5-Friedel-Crafts Acylation: the replacement of H with an acyl group (RCO). For example, the Benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution to produce a wide range of chemical compounds (chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, benzene sulfonic acid, etc).
A nucleophilic aromatic substitution is a type of chemical reaction where an electron-rich nucleophile displaces a leaving group (for example, a halide on the aromatic ring). There are six types of nucleophilic substitution mechanisms: 1-the SNAr (addition-elimination) mechanism, whose name is due to the Hughes-Ingold symbol ''SN' and a unimolecular mechanism; 2-the SN1 reaction that produces diazonium salts 3-the benzyne mechanism that produce highly reactive species (including benzyne) derived from the aromatic ring by the replacement of two substituents; 4-the free radical SRN1 mechanism where a substituent on the aromatic ring is displaced by a nucleophile with the formation of intermediary free radical species; 5-the ANRORC (Addition of the Nucleophile, Ring Opening, and Ring Closure) mechanism, involved in reactions of metal amide nucleophiles and substituted pyrimidines; and 6-the Vicarious nucleophilic substitution, where a nucleophile displaces an H atom on the aromatic ring but without leaving groups (such as, for example, halogen substituents).
