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2 years ago

Design a synthesis of 2-ethyl-2-hexenoic acid from alcohols of four carbons or fewer.

Chemistry

1 answer:

Studentka2010 [4]2 years ago

4 0

Answer:

Enolate Alkylation

The anions from ketones, called enolates, can act as a nucleophile in SN2 type reactions. Overall an α hydrogen is replaced with an alkyl group and a new carbon-carbon bond is formed. These alkylations are affected by the same limitations as SN2 reactions previously discussed. A good leaving group, chloride, bromide, iodide or tosylate, should be used. Also, secondary and tertiary leaving groups should not be used because of poor reactivity and possible competition with elimination reactions. Lastly, it is important to use a strong base, such as LDA or sodium amide, for preparing the enolate from the ketone. Using a weaker base such as hydroxide or an alkoxide leaves the possibility of multiple alkylations occurring, and competing SN2 reactions with the base.

Explanation:

Design is illustrated in the attached document

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When food spoils, it is a chemical reaction. For example, rancid butter is produced when the fat molecules in the butter undergo

Sergio039 [100]

Answer: Decreases the rate of reaction

Remove water from food by dehydration.
Transport food in a refrigerated truck.
Store food in airtight containers.
Store food in a refrigerator after opening.

Does not decrease the rate of reaction

Store food in the open air.
Place food on a warm surface.

Explanation: Dehydration of food excludes water from food which is one of the factor needed by microorganisms for growth, so it decreaese the rate of reaction.

Transporting food in refrigerated trucks lowers the temperature of food and not many microorganisms are active at very low temperatures, so it decreases the rate of reaction.

Storing food in airtight containers excludes air which is one of the factors required for microbial activity, so it decreases reaction rate.

Storing food in refrigerators after opening also lowers the temperature of food and hence the the rate of microbial activity.

Storing food in the open air does not decrease microbial activity instead it provides microorganisms with the favorable conditions for their activity such as air and water from water vapor in the air.

Placing food on a warm surface does not decrease rate of reaction because microorganisms are very active in warm and humid environments.

4 0

2 years ago

Barium oxalate is used as a colorant to produce the green color in fireworks. Imagine that you have been assigned to prepare bar

JulsSmile [24]

Answer:

2.1

Explanation:

Calculation of moles of $Ba(OH)_2.8H_2O$

Mass of copper = 5.3 g

Molar mass of copper = 315.46 g/mol

The formula for the calculation of moles is shown below:

$moles = \frac{Mass\ taken}{Molar\ mass}$

Thus,

$Moles= \frac{5.3\ g}{315.46\ g/mol}$

Moles of $Ba(OH)_2.8H_2O$ = 0.0168 moles

According to the reaction,

$Ba(OH)_2.8H_2O + H_2C_2O_4.2H_2O\rightarrow BaC_2O_4 + 12 H_2O$

1 mole of $Ba(OH)_2.8H_2O$ react with 1 mole of $H_2C_2O_4.2H_2O$

0.0168 moles of $Ba(OH)_2.8H_2O$ react with 0.0168 moles of $H_2C_2O_4.2H_2O$

Moles of $H_2C_2O_4.2H_2O$ = 0.0168 moles

Molar mass of $H_2C_2O_4.2H_2O$ = 126.07 g/mol

Thus,

Mass = Moles * Molar mass = 0.0168 moles * 126.07 g/mol = 2.1 g

Answer - 2.1

5 0

2 years ago

The density of lead is 11.4 g/cm3 at 20°C. A chemist has a metallic sample that is either pure lead or mostly lead. If the densi

Mekhanik [1.2K]

The sample is most likely lead with lighter substances in it. Pure lead would be closer to the pure lead density, and heavier substances would make the density more, not less.

7 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

A race car is driven by a professional driver at 99 . What is this speed in and ? 1 mile = 1.61 kilometers 1 hour = 60 minutes E

slavikrds [6]

Answer: The speed is equivalent to 159.39 kilometers per hour or 2.65 kilometers per minute.

Explanation:

Given, The speed of a race car = 99 miles/ hour

To convert the speed into kilometers per hour and kilometers per minute

Since 1 mile = 1.61 kilometers

So, Speed of car = (99 ) x (1.61 )

= 159.39 kilometers per hour.

Also, 1 hour = 60 minutes

Then, Speed of car = (159.39) ÷60

= 2.6565≈2.65 kilometer per minute.

Hence, the speed is equivalent to 159.39 kilometers per hour or 2.65 kilometers per minute.

4 0

2 years ago

Which aqueous solution would exhibit a lower freezing point, 0.35 m k2so4 or 0.50 m kcl? explain and show necessary calculations

Umnica [9.8K]

Answer is: a lower freezing point has solution of K₂SO₄.

Change in freezing point from pure solvent to solution: ΔT =i · Kf · b.
Kf - molal freezing-point depression constant for water is 1.86°C/m.
b - molality, moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
i - Van't Hoff factor.
b(K₂SO₄) = 0.35 m.
b(KCl) = 0.5 m.
i(K₂SO₄) = 3.
i(KCl) = 2.
ΔT(K₂SO₄) = 3 · 0.35 m · 1.86°C/m.
ΔT(K₂SO₄) = 1.953°C.
ΔT(KCl) = 2 · 0.5 m · 1.86°C/m.
ΔT(KCl) = 1.86°C.

8 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers