<span>When two electrical charges, of
opposite sign and equal magnitude, are separated by a distance, a dipole is
established. The size of a dipole is measured by its dipole moment (</span>μμ). Dipole moment is measured in Debye
units, which is equal to the distance between the charges multiplied by the
charge (1 Debye equals 3.34×10−30Cm3.34×10−30Cm). The dipole moment
of a molecule can be calculated by Equation 1.11.1:
μ = qr
where
<span>
<span>μ⃗ μ→ is the dipole moment vector</span>
<span>qiqi is the magnitude of the ithith charge, and</span>
<span>r⃗ ir→i is the vector representing the position
of ithith charge.</span>
</span>
r = μ/q
<span>r = [0.838D(3.34×10−30 C⋅m/ 1D)]/ (1.6×10−19
C) *0.124
</span>
r = 1.41 x10^-10 m
Answer:
pH = 2.25
Explanation:
pH is a measurement in chemistry defined as the -log [H₃O⁺]. Molarity [], is defined as the ratio between moles of solute (HCl) and the liters of solution
To solve this question we must find the molarity of the H₃O⁺ knowing: [HCl] = [H₃O⁺]
[HCl]:
0.0084moles / 1.500L
= 0.0056M = [HCl] = [H₃O⁺]
pH = -log [H₃O⁺] = -log [0.0056M]
<h3>pH = 2.25</h3>
Acid more H3O+ than OH-
Base less H3O+ than OH-
Neither. A basic postulate of the Kinetic Molecular Theory is that the molecules of <em>all gases</em> at the same temperature have the same average kinetic energy.
Answer:
Here's what I get.
Explanation:
The frequency of a vibration depends on the strength of the bond (the force constant).
The stronger the bond, the more energy is needed for the vibration, so the frequency (f) and the wavenumber increase.
Acetophenone
Resonance interactions with the aromatic ring give the C=O bond in acetophenone a mix of single- and double-bond character, and the bond frequency = 1685 cm⁻¹.
p-Aminoacetophenone
The +R effect of the amino group increases the single-bond character of the C=O bond. The bond lengthens, so it becomes weaker.
The vibrational energy decreases, so wavenumber decreases to 1652 cm⁻¹.
p-Nitroacetophenone
The nitro group puts a partial positive charge on C-1. The -I effect withdraws electrons from the acetyl group.
As electron density moves toward C-1, the double bond character of the C=O group increases.
The bond length decreases, so the bond becomes stronger, and wavenumber increases to 1693 cm¹.
