The mechanical advantage is defined as the ratio between the force produced by a machine and the force applied in input:

For the crowbar of the problem, the force applied in input is 40 N, while the force produced in output is equal to the weight of the rock that is lifted, so 400 N. Therefore, the mechanical advantage is
Answer:
3000 kg.m/s
Explanation:
Momentum, p is a product of mass and velocity hence
p=mv where m is mass and v is velocity.
Change in momentum is given by
where subscripts f and i represent final and initial respectively. Since the lorry finally comes to rest then the final velocity is zero. Substituting the given figures then
Change in momentum= 6000(0-0.5)=-3000 kg.m/s
Answer:

Explanation:
Assuming uniform spread of sound with no significant reflections or absorption. We know that sound intensity varies
where r is the distance
Since intensity is given then when at 3 m


Since we have the constant then at 4m
Intensity, 
Answer:
The type of light and the material of lenz.
Explanation:
1) As the investigation is based on how the thickness of a lens effect the other variable. Thickness of the lenz is independent variable. So Lidia has to experiment with the different thicknesses in order to find the effect on dependent variable.
2) As the investigation is based to find the point where the beam of light is focused. It's a dependent variable and Lidia has no control over it. So the only thing she can do is to measure and observe how it respond to the changes in independent variable.
3) For conclusion, she has to make sure that the other variables are not effecting the output or results that is the beam point where the light is focused. So she must have to kept constant the type of light and material of lenz otherwise she won't be able to discriminate the effect of thickness of lenz from other causes.