Answer:
(a) Steel rod: 
Copper rod: 
(b) Steel rod: 
Copper rod: 
Explanation:
Length of each rod = 0.75 m
Diameter of each rod = 1.50 cm = 0.015 m
Tensile force exerted = 4000 N
(a) Strain is given as the ratio of change in length to the original length of a body. Mathematically, it is given as
Strain = 
where Y = Young modulus
F = Fore applied
A = Cross sectional area
For the steel rod:
Y = 200 000 000 000 
F = 4000N
A =
(r = d/2 = 0.015/2 = 0.0075 m)
=> A = 
=> A = 0.000177 
∴ 
For the copper rod:
Y = 120 000 000 000 N/m²
F = 4000N
A =
(r = d/2 = 0.015/2 = 0.0075 m)
=> A = 
=> A = 0.000177 

(b) We can find the elongation by multiplying the Strain by the original length of the rods:
Elongation = Strain * Length
For the steel rod:
Elongation = 
For the copper rod:
Elongation =
Answer:
True statements:
Power is the rate at which work is done.
Power is the rate at which energy is transformed.
The SI unit of power is watt.
A person is limited in the total work he or she can do by the rate at which energy can be transformed.
Explanation:
The above statements are true.
1. Power is defined as the rate at which work is done.
2. Power is the rate at which energy is transformed. Whenever energy changes its form, or moves from one place to another, the rate at which it makes those changes is described as power.
3. The SI Unit of power is watts. If 1 joule of energy is converted by an object in 1 second then its power is called one watt.
So, the statement<em> 'the SI unit of power is the horsepower' is</em> false.
4. A person is limited in the total work he or she can do by the rate at which energy can be transformed i.e, his power. He is not only limited by the total energy required.
So, the statement <em>'A person is limited in the total work he or she can do only by the total energy required'</em> is not completely true.
Answer:
d) Gravity, a normal force, and kinetic friction
Explanation:
- When the bobsledder pushes her sled across horizontal snow to get it going, after she jumps into the sled there acts a force of gravity on the total mass of the sled including the bobsledder.
- The sled moves horizontally and not vertically this means that there is a normal force acting in the vertically upward direction opposite to the gravity.
- While the sled moves on the horizontal surface and comes to the rest there acts a kinetic frictional force on the body in the direction opposite to the direction of motion.