Answer:
a. The electric field lines are linear and perpendicular to the plates inside a parallel-plate capacitor, and always from positive plate to the negative plate. If a positive charge is released near the positive plate, then<em> it will follow a linear path towards the negative plate under the influence of electrostatic force, F = Eq</em>, where q is the charge of the particle. The electric field inside a parallel plate capacitor is constant and equal to
This can be calculated by Gauss' Law.
A positive charge always follow the electric field lines when released. Another approach is that the positive plate repels the positive charge and negative plate attracts the positive charge. Therefore, the positive charge follows a path towards the negative charge.
b. The particle moves from the higher potential to the lower potential. <em>The direction of motion is the same as the direction of the force that moves the particle, so the work done on the particle by that force is positive.</em>
We use the kinematic equations,
(A)
(B)
Here, u is initial velocity, v is final velocity, a is acceleration and t is time.
Given, 
, 
and 
.
Substituting these values in equation (B), we get
.
Therefore from equation (A),
Thus, the magnitude of the boat's final velocity is 10.84 m/s and the time taken by boat to travel the distance 280 m is 51.63 s
<span>D) The sun's rays will never be directly overhead. The latitude of 23 ½ degrees north is known as the Tropic of Cancer. Above this imaginary line the sun's rays hit earth with decreased angles.</span>
The angle of refraction would be further less
