In given data:
maximum absorption wavelength λ = 580 nm = 580 x 10⁻⁹ m
write the equation to find the crystal field splitting energy:
E = hC / λ
Here, E is the crystal field splitting energy, h = 6.63 x 10⁻³⁴ J.sec is Planck's constant and C = 3 x 10⁸ m/sec is speed of light.
substitute in the equation above:
E = (6.64 x 10⁻³⁴ x 3 x 10⁸) / (580 x 10⁻⁹) = 3.43 x 10⁻¹⁹J
This crystal field splitting energy is for 1 ion.
Number of atoms in one mole, NA = 6.023 x 10²³
to calculate the crystal field splitting energy for one mole:
E(total) = E x NA
= (3.43 x 10⁻¹⁹) x (6.023 x 10²³) = 206 kJ/ mole
The Structure of Glycine is attached below and each central atom is encircled with different colors.
Molecular Shape around Nitrogen Atom (Orange):
As shown, Nitrogen is making three single bonds with two hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom hence, it has three bonded pair electrons and a single lone pair of electron. Therefore, according to VSEPR theory it has a tetrahedral electronic geometry but due to repulsion created by lone pair of electrons its molecular geometry becomes Trigonal Pyramidal.
Molecular Shape around Carbon Atom (Green):
As shown, Carbon is making four single bonds with two hydrogen atoms and one nitrogen atom one with carbon atom of carbonyl group hence, it has four bonded pair electrons. Therefore, according to VSEPR theory it has Tetrahedral geometry.
Molecular Shape around Carbon Atom (Blue):
As shown, Carbon is making two single bonds with oxygen and carbon atoms and a double bond with oxygen. Hence, it has a Trigonal Planar geometry.
Molecular Shape around Oxygen Atom (Red):
As shown, Oxygen is making two single bonds with one carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom hence, it has two bonded pair electrons and two lone pair of electrons. Therefore, according to VSEPR theory it has a tetrahedral electronic geometry but due to repulsion created by lone pair of electrons its molecular geometry becomes Bent.
Answer:
By decreasing pressure.
Explanation:
In order to prevent balloons from popping while making sculptures, it is suggested to decrease the pressure of air in parent balloon. Decreasing the pressure of parent balloon will allow it to twist easily and make designs.
This strategy will work according to Boyle's Law which states that, "Pressure and Volume are inversely proportional to each other at constant temperature".
Mathematically,
P ∝ 1/V
Or,
P = k/V
Or,
PV = k
Hence, as the new designs made after twisting are of less volume, therefore it is good to decrease the pressure in advance otherwise the resulting less volume will increase the pressure of daughter small balloons and will explode them.