Answer:
Option (c) is correct.
Explanation:
According to 2nd law of thermodynamics, every spontaneous process is associated with increase in entropy (
).
As sodium acetate crystallizes out spontaneously therefore it is associated with .
During crystallization, bond formation takes place which results evolution of heat. In other words, crystallization phenomenon is exothermic (
).
So, the given crystallization process renders the following thermodynamic quantities- J/K and J
Option (c) is correct.
Answer:
The evidence showing that there is a chemical reaction taking place is the instantaneous temperature drop once the cold pack is shaken.
Explanation:
When an athlete applies a cold pack to the injury, they shake it before, mixing the water and <em>ammonium-nitrate fertilizer</em> inside the cold pack. This mixing is an endothermic reaction, which means it absorbs heat. In turn, the temperature falls to 35 F for around 10 minutes.
Depression is freezing point is a colligative property. It is mathematically expressed as ΔTf = Kf X m
where Kf = <span>freezing point depression constant = 1.86°c kg /mol (for water)
m = molality of solution = 1.40 m
</span>∴ ΔTf = Kf X m = 1.86 X 1.40 = 2.604 oC
Now, for water freezing point = 0 oC
∴Freezing point of solution = -2.604 oC
Answer:
4. The combined volume of the Ar atoms is too large to be negligible compared with the total volume of the container.
Explanation:
Deviations from ideality are due to intermolecular forces and to the nonzero volume of the molecules themselves. At infinite volume, the volume of the molecules themselves is negligible compared with the infinite volume the gas occupies.
However, the volume occupied by the gas molecules must be taken into account. Each <u>molecule does occupy a finite, although small, intrinsic volume.</u>
The non-zero volume of the molecules implies that instead of moving in a given volume V they are limited to doing so in a smaller volume. Thus, the molecules will be closer to each other and repulsive forces will dominate, resulting in greater pressure than the one calculated with the ideal gas law, that means, without considering the volume occupied by the molecules.
