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2 years ago

Groups of atoms that are added to carbon backbones and give them unique properties are known as

Chemistry

1 answer:

Irina-Kira [14]2 years ago

3 0

Answer:

Groups of atoms that are added to carbon backbones and give them unique properties are known as <u>Functional Groups</u>.

Explanation:

In organic chemistry they are called as Functional Group because they are the active part of a molecule. These groups give a unique characteristic to molecule both chemically and physically. Also, each functional group represent a different class of compounds.

Examples:

S No. Functional Group Name

1 R--X Alkyl Halides

2 R--OH Alcohols

3 R--NH₂ Amines

4 R--O--R Ethers

5 R--CO--R Ketones

6 R--CO--H Aldehydes

7 R--CO--OH Carboxylic acids

8 R--CO--X Acid Halides

10 R--CO--NR₂ Acid Amides

11 R--CO-OR' Esters

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You are presented with a mystery as part of your practical experiment. You have a solution of Pb(NO3)2 that has a worn label mak

Orlov [11]

Answer:

Minimum volume of H₂SO₄ required for H₂SO₄ to be in excess = 0.0556 mL

Explanation:

Pb(NO₃)₂ + H₂SO₄ -----> PbSO₄ + 2HNO₃

For this reaction, we know that the max concentration of Pb(NO₃) according to the bottle is 0.999M and to ensure the other reactant in the reaction is in excess, we'll do the calculation with a Pb(NO₃) that's a bit higher, that is, 1.0M.

Knowing that Concentration in mol/L = (number of moles)/(volume in L)

Number of moles of Pb(NO₃) added = concentration in mol/L × volume in L = 1 × 0.001 = 0.001 mole

According to the reaction,

1 mole of Pb(NO₃) reacts with 1 mole of H₂SO₄

0.001 mole of Pb(NO₃) will react with 0.001×1/1 mole of H₂SO₄

Therefore number of H₂SO₄ required for the reaction and for the H₂SO₄ to be in excess is 0.001 mole of H₂SO₄

So, the concentration of commercial H₂SO₄ is usually 18.0M, using this as the assumed value.

Volume of H₂SO₄ = (number of H₂SO₄ required for it to be in excess)/(concentration of H₂SO₄)

Volume of H₂SO₄ = 0.001/18 = 0.0000556 L = 0.0556 mL.

QED!!!

5 0

2 years ago

Hydrochloric acid (75.0 mL of 0.250 M) is added to 225.0 mL of 0.0550 M Ba(OH)2 solution. What is the concentration of the exces

Shalnov [3]

Answer: The concentration of excess $[OH^-]$ in solution is 0.017 M.

Explanation:

1. $Molarity=\frac{moles}{\text {Volume in L}}$

moles of $HCl=Molarity\times {\text {Volume in L}}=0.250\times 0.075=0.019moles$

1 mole of $HCl$ give = 1 mole of $H^+$

Thus 0.019 moles of $HCl$ give = 0.019 mole of $H^+$

2. moles of $Ba(OH)_2=Molarity\times {\text {Volume in L}}=0.0550\times 0.225=0.012moles$

According to stoichiometry:

1 mole of $Ba(OH)_2$ gives = 2 moles of $OH^-$

Thus 0.012 moles of $Ba(OH)_2$ give = $2 \times 0.012=0.024$ moles of $OH^-$

$H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O$

As 1 mole of $H^+$ neutralize 1 mole of $OH^-$

0.019 mole of $H^+$ will neutralize 0.019 mole of $OH^-$

Thus (0.024-0.019)= 0.005 moles of $OH^-$ will be left.

$[OH^-]=\frac{\text {moles left}}{\text {Total volume in L}}=\frac{0.005}{0.3L}=0.017M$

Thus molarity of $[OH^-]$ in solution is 0.017 M.

4 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

What is the sequence of energy transformations that occur in a nuclear reactor? nuclear energy Right arrow. Mechanical energy Ri

Mademuasel [1]

Answer:

NUCLEAR ENERGY -----> MECHANICAL ENERGY -------> THERMAL ENERGY --------> ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Explanation:

In nuclear reactor, various energy transformations occur in order to generate electricity. Nuclear reactor converts the energy released from nuclear fission and the heat generated is removed from the reactor by a cooling system where steam is generated. The steam then drives a turbine which powers a generator to produce electricity.

A nuclear reactor is hence an equipment where nuclear chain reactions occur and control can be obtained. The nuclear reactor uses mostly uranium-235 and Plutonium-239. When these radioactive substances absorbs neutrons, they undergo nuclear fission causing the nucleus to split into two or more smaller compounds with the release of kinetic energy a form of mechanical energy, gamma radiations and others.The kinetic energy is then harnessed in the equipment as heat (thermal energy) which is received by a cooling system and steam is generated. The steam can then power the generator from which electricity is obtained (electrical energy).

So therefore, in a nuclear reactor, the nuclear energy is transformed to mechanical energy and then thermal energy which powers the generation of the electrical energy.

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2 years ago

The reaction of benzene with (CH3)3CCH2Cl in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride produces principally which of these?

Sedaia [141]

Answer:

See explanation and image attached

Explanation:

When the carbocation is formed by the action of AlCl3 on the (CH3)3CCH2Cl, a primary carbocation is formed. The formation of the carbonation is followed by a 1,2-alkyl shift to give a tertiary carbocation which subsequently adds to the benzene ring as shown in the image attached to this answer.

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2 years ago

Consider a 20.0 % (m/v) solution. how can this be written as a conversion factor?

White raven [17]

A conversion factor is a fraction or a ratio representing a relationship of two different measurement values. To write 20% m/v to a conversion factor, we need to remember that a percent is a value that represents the amount of a part per 100 units of the whole. M/v in the given value represents that the percentage is by mass per volume. So, to write it as a conversion factor, we do as follows:

20% m/v = 20 mass units / 100 volume units = 1 mass units / 5 volume units

Usually units of this are in g per L. So, it is equivalent to 1 g / 5 L

4 0

2 years ago