Answer:

Explanation:
Given:
Initial velocity of the vehicle, 
distance between the car and the tree, 
time taken to respond to the situation, 
acceleration of the car after braking, 
Using equation of motion:
..............(1)
where:
final velocity of the car when it hits the tree
initial velocity of the car when the tree falls
acceleration after the brakes are applied
distance between the tree and the car after the brakes are applied.

Now for this situation the eq. (1) becomes:
(negative sign is for the deceleration after the brake is applied to the car.)
<span>Storm cells in a squall line typically move from the southwest to the northeast, and as the mature cells in the northeast begin to die off, new ones are formed at the opposite end to advance the line. The air in the southwest corner has strong vertical updrafts that allow new cells to grow and develop into thunderstorms.</span>
Answer:
The type of light and the material of lenz.
Explanation:
1) As the investigation is based on how the thickness of a lens effect the other variable. Thickness of the lenz is independent variable. So Lidia has to experiment with the different thicknesses in order to find the effect on dependent variable.
2) As the investigation is based to find the point where the beam of light is focused. It's a dependent variable and Lidia has no control over it. So the only thing she can do is to measure and observe how it respond to the changes in independent variable.
3) For conclusion, she has to make sure that the other variables are not effecting the output or results that is the beam point where the light is focused. So she must have to kept constant the type of light and material of lenz otherwise she won't be able to discriminate the effect of thickness of lenz from other causes.