Answer : The correct option is, (d) 
Explanation :
In this problem we assumed that heat given by the hot body is equal to the heat taken by the cold body.


where,
= specific heat of copper = 
= specific heat of water = 
= mass of copper = 120 g
= mass of water = 300 g
= final temperature of mixture = 
= initial temperature of copper = ?
= initial temperature of water =
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:


Therefore, the temperature of the kiln was, 
The braking force is -400 N
Explanation:
We can solve this problem by using the impulse theorem, which states that the impulse applied on the ferry (the product of force and time) is equal to its change in momentum:

where in this problem, we have:
F is the force applied by the brakes
is the time interval
m = 13,000 kg is the mass of the ferry
u = 2.0 m/s is the initial velocity
v = 0 is the final velocity
And solving for F, we find the force applied by the brakes:

where the negative sign indicates that the direction is backward.
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3 trams must be added
Explanation:
In this problem, there are 12 trams along the ring road, spaced at regular intervals.
Calling L the length of the ring road, this means that the space between two consecutive trams is
(1)
In this problem, we want to add n trams such that the interval between the trams will decrease by 1/5; therefore the distance will become

And the number of trams will become

So eq.(1) will become
(2)
And substituting eq.(1) into eq.(2), we find:

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<span>These are inert gases, so we can assume they don't react with one another. Because the two gases are also subject to all the same conditions, we can pretend there's only "one" gas, of which we have 0.458+0.713=1.171 moles total. Now we can use PV=nRT to solve for what we want.
The initial temperature and the change in temperature. You can find the initial temperature easily using PV=nRT and the information provided in the question (before Ar is added) and solving for T.
You can use PV=nRT again after Ar is added to solve for T, which will give you the final temperature. The difference between the initial and final temperatures is the change. When you're solving just be careful with the units!
SIDE NOTE: If you want to solve for change in temperature right away, you can do it in one step. Rearrange both PV=nRT equations to solve for T, then subtract the first (initial, i) from the second (final, f):
PiVi=niRTi --> Ti=(PiVi)/(niR)
PfVf=nfRTf --> Tf=(PfVf)/(nfR)
ΔT=Tf-Ti=(PfVf)/(nfR)-(PiVi)/(niR)=(V/R)(Pf/nf-Pi/ni)
In that last step I just made it easier by factoring out the V/R since V and R are the same for the initial and final conditions.</span>
To solve this problem it is necessary to apply the concepts related to the heat flux rate expressed in energetic terms. The rate of heat flow is the amount of heat that is transferred per unit of time in some material. Mathematically it can be expressed as:

Where
k = 0.84 J/s⋅m⋅°C (The thermal conductivity of the material)
Area
Length
= Temperature of the "hot"reservoir
= Temperature of the "cold"reservoir
Replacing with our values we have that,



Therefore the correct answer is B.