Answer:
The atomic model, the structure of the solar system, and the theory of black holes are examples of models created using indirect evidence.
Explanation:
I have no explanation sorry.
The position function x(t) of a particle moving along an x axis is 
a) The point at which particle stop, it's velocity = 0 m/s
So dx/dt = 0
0 = 0- 12t = -12t
So when time t= 0, velocity = 0 m/s
So the particle is starting from rest.
At t = 0 the particle is (momentarily) stop
b) When t = 0

SO at x = 4m the particle is (momentarily) stop
c) We have 
At origin x = 0
Substituting

t = 0.816 seconds or t = - 0.816 seconds
So when t = 0.816 seconds and t = - 0.816 seconds, particle pass through the origin.
Answer:
The algebraic equation is:

Explanation:
Given information:
mb = book's mass
vb = tangential speed
R = radius of the path
Question: Derive an algebraic equation for the vertical force, Fv = ?
To derive the equation, we need to draw a force diagram for this case, please, see the attached diagram. As you can see, there are three types of forces acting on the system. Two up and one of the weight acting down. Therefore, the algebraic equation is as follows:

The variables were defined above and g is the gravity.
Answer:
457.81 Hz
Explanation:
From the question, it is stated that it is a question under Doppler effect.
As a result, we use this form
fo = (c + vo) / (c - vs) × fs
fo = observed frequency by observer =?
c = speed of sound = 332 m/s
vo = velocity of observer relative to source = 45 m/s
vs = velocity of source relative to observer = - 46 m/s ( it is taking a negative sign because the velocity of the source is in opposite direction to the observer).
fs = frequency of sound wave by source = 459 Hz
By substituting the the values to the equation, we have
fo = (332 + 45) / (332 - (-46)) × 459
fo = (377/ 332 + 46) × 459
fo = (377/ 378) × 459
fo = 0.9974 × 459
fo = 457.81 Hz