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2 years ago

What must always be true if a covalent bond is to be polar?

Chemistry

2 answers:

scZoUnD [109]2 years ago

8 0

Answer:

If a covalent bond is polar the electronegativity difference between the elements of the compound is between 0.4 and 1.7

Explanation:

The electronegativity measures the power of an atom to attract electrons; if the electronegativity difference between the elements of the compound is big (more than 1.7) the compound will be ionic, that means, an atom or a group of atoms will give electrons and another atom of group of atoms will receive them; if the electronegativity difference is small (less than 0.4), the electrons will be shared by the atoms in a equitative way, i. e. the electrons will spend similar amount of time in the orbitals of each atom; but if the electronegativity difference is between 0.4 and 1.7 a covalent polar bond will be formed, that means valence electrons will spend more time in the orbitals of the most electronegative element.

Aleksandr [31]2 years ago

4 0

N a polar covalent bond, the electrons shared by the atoms spend a greater amount of time, on the average, closer to the Oxygen nucleus than the Hydrogen nucleus. This is because of the geometry of the molecule and the great electronegativity difference between the Hydrogen atom and the Oxygen atom.

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When 2.36g of a nonvolatile solute is dissolved in 100g of solvent, the largest change in freezing point will be achieved when t

nignag [31]

Answer:

Option c → Tert-butanol

Explanation:

To solve this, you have to apply the concept of colligative property. In this case, freezing point depression.

The formula is:

ΔT = Kf . m . i

When we add particles of a certain solute, temperature of freezing of a solution will be lower thant the pure solvent.

i = Van't Hoff factor (ions particles that are dissolved in the solution)

At this case, the solute is nonvolatile, so i values 1.

ΔT = Difference between fussion T° of pure solvent - fussion T° of solution.

T° fussion paradichlorobenzene = 56 °C

T° fussion water = 0°

T° fussion tert-butanol = 25°

Water has the lowest fussion temperature and the paradichlorobenzene has the highest Kf. But the the terbutanol, has the highest Kf so this solvent will have the largest change in freezing point, when all the molalities are the same.

3 0

2 years ago

Suppose that 0.323 g of an unknown sulfate salt is dissolved in 50 mL of water. The solution is acidified with 6M HCl, heated, a

geniusboy [140]

Answer:

1) 41.16 % = 0.182 grams

2) The alkali cation is K+ , to form the salt K2SO4

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Mass of unknown sulfate salt = 0.323 grams

Volume of water = 50 mL

Molarity of HCl = 6M

Step 2: The balanced equation

SO4^2- + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2Cl-

Step 3: Calculate amount of SO4^2- in BaSO4

The precipitate will be BaSO4

The amount of SO4^2- in BaSO4 = (Molar mass of SO4^2-/Molar mass BaSO4)*100 %

The amount of SO4^2- in BaSO4 = (96.06 /233.38) * 100

= 41.16%

So in 0.443g of BaSO4 there will be 0.443 * 41.16 % = 0.182 grams

2. If it is assumed that the salt is an alkali sulfate determine the identity of the alkali cation.

The unknown sulphate salt has 0.182g of sulphate. This means the alkali cation has a weight of 0.323-0.182 = 0.141g grams

An alkali cation has a chargoe of +1; sulphate has a charge of -2

The formula will be X2SO4 (with X = the unknown alkali metal).

Calculate moles of sulphate

Moles sulphate = 0.182 grams (32.1 + 4*16)

Moles sulphate = 0.00189 moles

The moles of sulphate = 0.182/(32.1+16*4)

The moles of sulphate = 0.00189 moles

X2SO4 → 2X+ + SO4^2-

For 2 moles cation we have 1 mol anion

For 0.00189 moles anion, we have 2*0.00189 = 0.00378 moles cation

Calculate molar mass

Molar mass = mass / moles

Molar mass = 0.141 grams / 0.00378 grams

Molar mass = 37.3 g/mol

The closest alkali metal is potassium. (K2SO4 )

3 0

2 years ago

93.2 mL of a 2.03 M potassium fluoride (KF) solution

Marrrta [24]

Answer:

1.98 M

Explanation:

Given data

Initial volume (V₁): 93.2 mL

Initial concentration (C₁): 2.03 M

Volume of water added: 3.92 L

Step 1: Convert V₁ to liters

We will use the relationship 1 L = 1000 mL.

$93.2mL \times \frac{1L}{1000mL} = 0.0932 L$

Step 2: Calculate the final volume (V₂)

The final volume is the sum of the initial volume and the volume of water.

$V_2 = 0.0932L + 3.92 L = 4.01L$

Step 3: Calculate the final concentration (C₂)

We will use the dilution rule.

$C_1 \times V_1 = C_2 \times V_2\\C_2 = \frac{C_1 \times V_1}{V_2} = \frac{2.03 M \times 3.92L}{4.01L} = 1.98 M$

3 0

2 years ago

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Which chemical activates the transformation of trypsinogen to trypsin?

jeka57 [31]

The answer should be enteropeptidase

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2 years ago

What is the product of one equivalent of phosphorus and three equivalents of hydrogen? Draw it's

yulyashka [42]

This name is phosphine flammable , toxic gas colourless
...it's formula is PH3

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2 years ago