(a) 
The radiation pressure exerted by an electromagnetic wave on a surface that totally absorbs the radiation is given by

where
I is the intensity of the wave
c is the speed of light
In this problem,

and substituting
, we find the radiation pressure

(b) 
Since we know the cross-sectional area of the laser beam:

starting from the radiation pressure found at point (a), we can calculate the force exerted on a tritium atom:

And then, since we know the mass of the atom

we can find the acceleration, by using Newton's second law:

The potential energy is most often referred to as the "energy at rest" and is dependent on the elevation of an object. This can be calculated through the equation,
E = mgh
where E is the potential energy, m is the mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height. In this item, we are not given with the mass of the cart so we assume it to be m. The force is therefore,
E = m(9.8 m/s²)(0.5 m) = 4.9m
Hence, the potential energy is equal to 4.9m.
The correct answer is: 13900589.
Answer:
a) I = 13.04 A
b) R = 8.82 ohms
c) 1291.87 kilocalories are generated an hour.
Explanation:
let P be the power of the heater, V be the voltage of the heater, I be the current of the heater, R be the resistance.
a) we know that:
P = I×V
I = P/V
= (1500)/(115)
= 13.04 A
Therefore, the current of the heater is 13.04 A
b) we now have voltage and current, according to Ohm's law:
R = V/I
= (115)/(13.04)
= 8.82 ohms
Therefore, the resistance of the heating coil is 8.82 ohms.
c) the number of kilocalories generated in one hour by the heater is just the energy the heater produces in one hour which is given by:
E = P×t
= (1500)(1×60×60)
= 5400000 J
since 1 calorie = 4.81 J
1 kilocalorie = 0.001 calories
E = 5400000/4.18 ≈ 1291866.029 calories ≈1291.87 kilocalories
Therefore, 1291.87 kilocalories are produced/generated in one hour.
The aluminum alloy(2024-T6; k=180 W/m<span>!K,) </span>absorber plate<span> is </span>6 mm thick<span> and </span>well insulated<span> on </span>its bottom<span>. The </span>top surface<span> of the </span>plate<span> is </span>separated<span> from a </span>transparent cover plate<span> by an </span>evacuated space<span>. The </span>tubes<span> are</span>spaced<span> a </span>distance<span> L of ...</span>