As he began to teach inorganic chemistry, Mendeleev could not find a textbook that met his needs. Since he had already published a textbook on organic chemistry in 1861 that had been awarded the prestigious Demidov Prize, he set out to write another one. The result was Osnovy khimii (1868–71; The Principles of Chemistry), which became a classic, running through many editions and many translations. When Mendeleev began to compose the chapter on the halogen elements (chlorine and its analogs) at the end of the first volume, he compared the properties of this group of elements to those of the group of alkali metals such as sodium. Within these two groups of dissimilar elements, he discovered similarities in the progression of atomic weights, and he wondered if other groups of elements exhibited similar properties. After studying the alkaline earths, Mendeleev established that the order of atomic weights could be used not only to arrange the elements within each group but also to arrange the groups themselves. Thus, in his effort to make sense of the extensive knowledge that already existed of the chemical and physical properties of the chemical elements and their compounds, Mendeleev discovered the periodic law.
The combustion of any hydrocarbon yields water and carbon dioxide. We will now construct a balanced equation:
C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O
Each mole of propane requires 5 moles of oxygen.
Answer:
3.02× 10²⁴ atoms
Explanation:
Given data:
Number of nitrogen atoms = ?
Number of moles of N₂O = 2.51 mol
Solution:
1 mole contain 2 mole of nitrogen atoms.
2.51 × 2 = 5.02 mol
According to Avogadro number,
1 mole = 6.022 × 10²³ atoms
5.02 mol × 6.022 × 10²³ atoms / 1 mol
30.2 × 10²³ atoms
3.02× 10²⁴ atoms
The reaction is:
4 PCl3 (g) ---> P4(s) + 6 Cl2(g).
Now, you need to convert the mass of PCl3 into number of moles, for which you use the molar mass of PCl3 in this way:
number of moles = number of grams / molar mass =>
number of moles of PCl3 = 612 g / 137.32 g/mol = 4.4567 moles of PCl3.
Now use the proportion with the ΔH rxn given.
4 mol PCl3 / 1207 kJ = 4.4567 mol / x => x = 4.4567 mol * 1207 kJ / 4 mol = 1,344.8 kJ = 1.34 * 10^3 kJ.
Answer: 1.34 * 10 ^3 kJ (option d)
