Answer:
An object can be broken up by a planet's gravity once it passes the Roche Limit. The Jovian planets are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium. Hydrogen and helium don't exist in Earth's atmosphere because the terrestrial planets of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars couldn't exert a strong gravitational pull on hydrogen and helium gas within the nebula. Mercury is the planet closest to the sun, has almost no atmosphere, and what little atmosphere exists is constantly getting blown away by solar wind. The atmosphere of Venus is very hot and dense, comprised of approximately 95 percent carbon dioxide, and the surface is composed of molten bedrock.
Explanation:
The Solar System form from a molecular cloud (compound by gas and dust), if there is a near perturbation to the cloud, maybe due to a supernova explosion, the molecular cloud will collapse under its own gravity, then, in some point starts to rotate and will accrete all the material in a disk around the protostar.
It is important to notice that the chemical composition of the cloud was mostly hydrogen and helium with little percentages of metals.
How the different materials in the disk around the star were condensed depends on the temperature of each region. The part closer to the star was at a higher temperature, so rock and metals were the only ones able to condense in it, while the outer part has lower temperature. Therefore, in this region materials like ammonia, methane and water vapour could condense to form ice.
Notice that the materials condense in the inner part of the disk, and has high density while the ones in the outer part of the disk has low density. That may be an explanation that why the terrestrial planets are close to the Sun while the gaseous planets are farther away.
When a object passes the roche limit it will start to break up as a consequence of tidal force generated by the planet.
