Answer:
Relative population is 2.94 x 10⁻¹⁰.
Explanation:
Let N₁ and N₂ be the number of atoms at ground and first excited state of helium respectively and E₁ and E₂ be the ground and first excited state energy of helium respectively.
The ratio of population of atoms as a function of energy and temperature is known as Boltzmann Equation. The equation is:
= 
= 
Here g₁ and g₂ be the degeneracy at two levels, K is Boltzmann constant and T is equilibrium temperature.
Put 1 for g₁, 3 for g₂, -19.82 ev for (E₁ - E₂) and 8.6x10⁵ ev/K for K and 10000 k for T in the above equation.
= 
= 3.4 x 10⁹
= 2.94 x 10⁻¹⁰
Answer: the answer is d
Explanation: there are not more than 10 violations within a twelve month period hope this helps
Answer:
e*P_s = 11 W
Explanation:
Given:
- e*P = 1.0 KW
- r_s = 9.5*r_e
- e is the efficiency of the panels
Find:
What power would the solar cell produce if the spacecraft were in orbit around Saturn
Solution:
- We use the relation between the intensity I and distance of light:
I_1 / I_2 = ( r_2 / r_1 ) ^2
- The intensity of sun light at Saturn's orbit can be expressed as:
I_s = I_e * ( r_e / r_s ) ^2
I_s = ( 1.0 KW / e*a) * ( 1 / 9.5 )^2
I_s = 11 W / e*a
- We know that P = I*a, hence we have:
P_s = I_s*a
P_s = 11 W / e
Hence, e*P_s = 11 W
We use the formula: p = E/c where E = hc / λ. hence, p = h/ λ. where h is the Planck's constant: 6.62607004 × 10-34 m2 kg / s and <span>λ is the wavelenght.
</span>
a) p = <span>6.62607004 × 10-34 m2 kg / s / 0.1 x10^-9 m = 6.62607 x 10-24 m kg/s
</span>b) p = 6.62607004 × 10-34 m2 kg / s / 3 x10^-2 m = 2.20869 <span>x 10-32 m kg/s
</span>b) p = 6.62607004 × 10-34 m2 kg / s / 2 x10^-9 m = 3.3130 <span>x 10-25 m kg/s</span>
