On a ring road, 12 trams are spaced at regular intervals and travel at a constant speed. How many trams need to be added to the
1 answer:
3 trams must be added
Explanation:
In this problem, there are 12 trams along the ring road, spaced at regular intervals.
Calling L the length of the ring road, this means that the space between two consecutive trams is
(1)
In this problem, we want to add n trams such that the interval between the trams will decrease by 1/5; therefore the distance will become
And the number of trams will become
So eq.(1) will become
(2)
And substituting eq.(1) into eq.(2), we find:
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Electric charge on the plastic cube:
Explanation:
The electric potential around a charged sphere (such as the Van der Graaf) generator is given by
where
k is the Coulomb's constant
Q is the charge on the sphere
r is the distance from the centre of the sphere
Here we have:
V = 200,000 V on the surface of the sphere, so at r = 12.0 cm
We need to find the voltage V' at 2.0 cm from the edge of the sphere, so at
r' = 12.0 + 2.0 = 14.0 cm
Since the voltage is inversely proportional to r, we can use:
This is the potential at the location of the plastic cube.
Now we can use the law of conservation of energy, which states that the initial electric potential energy of the cube is totally converted into kinetic energy when the plastic cube is at infinite distance from the generator. So we can write:
where:
q is the charge on the plastic cube
V' is the potential at the location of the cube
m = 5.0 g = 0.005 kg is the mass of the cube
v = 3.0 m/s is the final speed of the cube
Solving for q, we find the charge on the cube:
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