To separate some ethanol from water, Jane needs to use the method of simple distillation.
Simple distillation is a separation method in which two liquids can be separated from each other based on differences in boiling point.
Since water has a higher boiling point than ethanol, ethanol is collected first as the distillation proceeds.
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Answer:
a. electrophilic aromatic substitution
b. nucleophilic aromatic substitution
c. nucleophilic aromatic substitution
d. electrophilic aromatic substitution
e. nucleophilic aromatic substitution
f. electrophilic aromatic substitution
Explanation:
Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a type of chemical reaction where a hydrogen atom or a functional group that is attached to the aromatic ring is replaced by an electrophile. Electrophilic aromatic substitutions can be classified into five classes: 1-Halogenation: is the replacement of one or more hydrogen (H) atoms in an organic compound by a halogen such as, for example, bromine (bromination), chlorine (chlorination), etc; 2- Nitration: the replacement of H with a nitrate group (NO2); 3-Sulfonation: the replacement of H with a bisulfite (SO3H); 4-Friedel-CraftsAlkylation: the replacement of H with an alkyl group (R), and 5-Friedel-Crafts Acylation: the replacement of H with an acyl group (RCO). For example, the Benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution to produce a wide range of chemical compounds (chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, benzene sulfonic acid, etc).
A nucleophilic aromatic substitution is a type of chemical reaction where an electron-rich nucleophile displaces a leaving group (for example, a halide on the aromatic ring). There are six types of nucleophilic substitution mechanisms: 1-the SNAr (addition-elimination) mechanism, whose name is due to the Hughes-Ingold symbol ''SN' and a unimolecular mechanism; 2-the SN1 reaction that produces diazonium salts 3-the benzyne mechanism that produce highly reactive species (including benzyne) derived from the aromatic ring by the replacement of two substituents; 4-the free radical SRN1 mechanism where a substituent on the aromatic ring is displaced by a nucleophile with the formation of intermediary free radical species; 5-the ANRORC (Addition of the Nucleophile, Ring Opening, and Ring Closure) mechanism, involved in reactions of metal amide nucleophiles and substituted pyrimidines; and 6-the Vicarious nucleophilic substitution, where a nucleophile displaces an H atom on the aromatic ring but without leaving groups (such as, for example, halogen substituents).
At the first reaction when 2HBr(g) ⇄ H2(g) + Br2(g)
So Kc = [H2] [Br2] / [HBr]^2
7.04X10^-2 = [H2][Br] / [HBr]^2
at the second reaction when 1/2 H2(g) + 1/2 Br2 (g) ⇄ HBr
Its Kc value will = [HBr] / [H2]^1/2*[Br2]^1/2
we will make the first formula of Kc upside down:
1/7.04X10^-2 = [HBr]^2/[H2][Br2]
and by taking the square root:
∴ √(1/7.04X10^-2)= [HBr] / [H2]^1/2*[Br]^1/2
∴ Kc for the second reaction = √(1/7.04X10^-2) = 3.769
Answer:
58.61 grams
Explanation:
Taking The molecular weight of NaCl = 58.44 grams/mole
<u>Determine how many grams of NaCl to prepare the bath solution </u>
first we will calculate the moles of NaCl that is contained in 6L of 170 mM of NaCI solution
= ( 6 * 170 ) / 1000
= 1020 / 1000 = 1.020 moles
next
determine how many grams of NaCl
= moles of NaCl * molar mass of NaCl
= 1.020 * 58.44
= 58.61 grams
