Answer:
Less than
Explanation:
The process of dissolution occurs as a kind of "tug of war". On one side are the solute-solute and solvent-solvent interaction forces, while on the other side are the solute-solvent forces.
Only when the solute-solvent forces are strong enough to overcome the pre-mixing forces do they overcome the "tug of war", and thus dissolution occurs.
Thus, it is concluded that the interaction forces between solute particles and solvent particles before they are combined are less than the interaction forces after dissolution.
a.
Acids react with bases and give salt and water and the products.
Hence, HCl reacts with NaOH and gives NaCl salt and H₂O as the products. The reaction is,
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l)
To balance the reaction equation, both sides hould have same number of elements.
Left hand side, Right hand side,
H atoms = 2 H atoms = 2
Cl atoms = 1 Cl atoms = 1
Na atoms = 1 Na atoms = 1
O atoms = 1 O atoms = 1
Hence, the reaction equation is already balanced.
b.
Molarity (M)= moles of solute (mol) / Volume of the solution (L)
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l)
Molarity of NaOH = <span>0.13 M
</span>Volume of NaOH added = <span>43.7 mL
Hence, moles of NaOH added = 0.13 M x 43.7 x 10</span>⁻³ L
= 5.681 x 10⁻³ mol
Stoichiometric ratio between NaOH and HCl is 1 : 1
Hence, moles of HCl = moles of NaOH
= 5.681 x 10⁻³ mol
5.681 x 10⁻³ mol of HCl was in <span>26.9 mL.
Hence, molarity of HCl = </span>5.681 x 10⁻³ mol / 26.9 x 10⁻³ L
= 0.21 M
Answer:
Volume of water that must be added is 1.10 L
Explanation:
pH measures the acidity or the alkalinity of a substance
It is given by;
pH = -log[H+]
Using this we can find the concentration of H+ ions in the acid
pH = 2 = -log[H+]
Therefore;
[H+] = 10^-2
= 0.01 M
But, since 1 mole HNO₃ ionizes to give 1 mole of H+, then the concentration of HNO₃ is equal to the concentration of H+ ([HNO₃] = [H+])
Therefore;
Initial [HNO₃] = 0.01 M
Initial volume of HNO₃ = 11.1 mL or 0.0111 L
We can then use dilution equation to find the final volume after dilution.
The final pH is 4
Therefore, [H+] = 10^-4
= 0.0001 M
Thus, the final concentration of HNO₃ is 0.0001 M
Using dilution equation;
M1V1 =M2V2
Thus; V2 = M1V1÷ M2
= (0.01 M× 0.0111 L)÷ 0.0001 M
= 1.11 L
This means the final total volume will 1.11 L or 1110 ml
Therefore; The volume of water added = 1110 ml - 11.1 ml
= 1098.9 ml or
= 1.0989 L
= 1.10 L(2 d.p.)
Hence, The volume of water that must be added is 1.10 L
<u>Answer:</u> The volume of carbon dioxide gas at STP for given amount is 106.624 L
<u>Explanation:</u>
We are given:
Moles of carbon dioxide = 4.76 moles
<u>At STP:</u>
1 mole of a gas occupies a volume of 22.4 Liters
So, for 4.76 moles of carbon dioxide gas will occupy a volume of = 
Hence, the volume of carbon dioxide gas at STP for given amount is 106.624 L
Answer: the answer is option (D). k[P]²[Q]
Explanation:
first of all, let us consider the reaction from the question;
2P + Q → 2R + S
and the reaction mechanism for the above reaction given thus,
P + P ⇄ T (fast)
Q + T → R + U (slow)
U → R + S (fast)
we would be applying the Rate law to determine the mechanism.
The mechanism above is a three step process where the slowest step seen is the rate determining step. From this, we can see that this slow step involves an intermediate T as reactant and is expressed in terms of a starting substance P.
It is important to understand that laws based on experiment do not allow for intermediate concentration.
The mechanism steps for the reactions in the question are given below when we add them by cancelling the intermediates on the opposite side of the equations then we get the overall reaction equation.
adding this steps gives a final overall reaction reaction.
2P + Q ------------˃ 2R + S
Thus the rate equation is given as
Rate (R) = K[P]²[Q]
cheers, i hope this helps
