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elena-14-01-66 [18.8K]
2 years ago
5

Functional group and bond hybridization of vanillin

Chemistry
1 answer:
lana66690 [7]2 years ago
7 0

Vanillin is the common name for 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde.

See attached figure for the structure.

Vanillin have 3 functional groups:

1) aldehyde group:  R-HC=O, in which the carbon is double bonded to oxygen

2) phenolic hydroxide group: R-OH, were the hydroxyl group is bounded to a carbon from the benzene ring

3) ether group: R-O-R, were hydrogen is bounded through sigma bonds to carbons

Now for the hybridization we have:

The carbon atoms involved in the benzene ring and the red carbon atom (from the aldehyde group) have a <u>sp²</u> hybridization because they are involved in double bonds.

The carbon atom from the methoxy group (R-O-CH₃) and the blue oxygen's have a  <u>sp³</u>  hybridization because they are involved only in single bonds.

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mash [69]

Answer : Both solutions contain 3.011 X 10^{23} molecules.

Explanation : The number of molecules of 0.5 M of sucrose is equal to the number of molecules in 0.5 M of glucose. Both solutions contain 3.011 x 10^{23} molecules.

Avogadro's Number is  N_{A} =  6.022 X 10^{23} which represents particles per mole and particles may be typically molecules, atoms, ions, electrons, etc.

Here, only molarity values are given; where molarity is a measurement of concentration in terms of moles of the solute per liter of solvent.

Since each substance has the same concentration, 0.5 M, each will have the same number of molecules present per liter of solution.

Addition of molar mass for individual substance is not needed. As if both are considered in 1 Liter they would have same moles which is 0.5.

We can calculate the number of molecules for each;

Number of molecules  = N_{A} X M;

∴  Number of molecules =  6.022 X 10^{23} X 0.5 mol/L X 1 L which will be  = 3.011 X 10^{23}

Thus, these solutions compare to each other in that they have not only the same concentration, but they will have the same number of solvated sugar molecules. But the mass of glucose dissolved will be less than the mass of sucrose.

7 0
1 year ago
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Calculate the grams of so2 gas present at stp in a 5.9 l container. (r = 0.0821 l·atm/k·mol)
Neko [114]
There is an exact value for the standard volume at standard conditions of 1 atm and 273 K. This standard volume for any ideal gas is 22.4 L/mol. Thus,

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The molar mass for SO₂ is 64.066 g/mol. So, the mass is:

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6 0
2 years ago
The gas in a sealed container has an absolute pressure of 125.4 kilopascals. If the air around the container is at a pressure of
AlexFokin [52]

Answer: C. 25.6 kPa

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The Gauge pressure is defined as the amount of pressure in a fluid that exceeds the amount of pressure in the atmosphere.

As such, the formula will be,

PG = PT – PA

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PG is Gauge Pressure

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PG = 125.4 - 99.8

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The gauge pressure inside the container is 25.6kPa which is option C.

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2 years ago
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hichkok12 [17]

Answer:

Answer is explained below.

Explanation:

As (+) menthol and (-) menthol are enantiomers whose physical properties are same except optical activity so we can expect they have similar Rf values.

Whereas diastereomers have different physical properties and different Rf values.

For example when the (+) menthol , (-) menthol, isomenthol and neomenthol undergo TLC (thin layer chromatography) the

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The above data shows that (+) menthol and (-) menthol have almost same Rf values and vary a little i.e 0.447 and 0.437. So we can conclude them as enantiomers

Whereas (+) menthol or (+) neomenthol or (+) isomenthol i.e 0.447 , 0.395 and 0.487 have different Rf values. We can conclude them as diasteromers.

(+) menthol and (-) menthol - enantiomers

(+) menthol and (+) neomenthol- diastereomers

(-) menthol and (+) isomenthol - diastereomers

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kvv77 [185]
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∴ v= √156.8 = 12.5 m/s
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