Given the mass of hydrogen = 16.0 oz
Converting 16.0 oz hydrogen to pounds (lb) using the conversion factor 1 lb = 16 oz:

Converting 16.0 lb to g using the conversion factors 1 kg = 2.2 lb, 1 kg = 1000 g:

Heat of combustion of hydrogen = 142 J/g
Calculating the heat released when 16.0 oz is combusted:

Answer : The final temperature of the solution in the calorimeter is, 
Explanation :
First we have to calculate the heat produced.

where,
= enthalpy change = -44.5 kJ/mol
q = heat released = ?
m = mass of
= 1.52 g
Molar mass of
= 40 g/mol

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:


Now we have to calculate the final temperature of solution in the calorimeter.

where,
q = heat produced = 1.691 kJ = 1691 J
m = mass of solution = 1.52 + 35.5 = 37.02 g
c = specific heat capacity of water = 
= initial temperature = 
= final temperature = ?
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:


Thus, the final temperature of the solution in the calorimeter is, 
Answer:
First one is 5.0 M ammonia and the Second one ?
Explanation:
Convert each amount of grams into moles:
I: 23.24g x 1 mol / 126.90g = 0.1831 mol I
C: 2.198 x 1 mol / 12.01g = 0.1830 mol C
N: 2.562 x 1 mol / 14.01g = 0.1829 mol N
Each element has roughly the same amount of moles, which means the whole number ratio between the elements is 1:1:1
Therefore the empirical formula is ICN